The statistics cited in the chapter "Nose" of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1905) by Joseph Jacobs and Maurice Fishberg, demonstrate that, contrary to the stereotype, the "Jewish", or hooked, nose is found with the same frequency among people of Jewish descent as it is among non-Jewish people from the Mediterranean region generally. We may conclude, then, as regards the Jewish nose, that it is more the Jewish nostril than the nose itself which goes to form the characteristic Jewish expression." Joseph Jacobs's explanation of the caricature of a Jewish nose 1) now remove the turn of the twist as in Figure 2, and much of the Jewishness disappears it vanishes entirely when we draw the continuation horizontally as in Figure 3. Artists tell us that the best way to make a caricature of the Jewish nose is to write a figure 6 with a long tail (Fig. In the mid-19th century, Jewish folklorist Joseph Jacobs wrote: "A curious experiment illustrates this importance of the nostril toward making the Jewish expression. It is thin and sharp." (Jabet prided himself in his lack of connection to ideas of others and condemned scientific proofs. He writes that it is "very convex, and preserves its convexity like a bow, throughout the whole length from the eyes to the tip. Robert Knox, an 18th-century anatomist, described the supposed Jewish nose as "a large, massive, club-shaped, hooked nose." Another anatomist, Jerome Webster, described it in 1914 as having "a very slight hump, somewhat broad near the tip and the tip bends down." A popular 1848 essay "Notes on Noses" written by solicitor George Jabet under pseudonym Eden Warwick offers quite a different description, and specifies that though this nose is popularly identified as Jewish, it should be properly defined as a 'Syrian nose'. Still, among the Jewish communities outside the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions, such as that in the United States, the so-called "Jewish nose" has come to be embraced by part of its bearers as a defining characteristic of their Jewish identity, with general attitude toward the trait having changed from mostly negative to mostly positive since the 1950s. Research has found that this nose type is most prevalent in ethnicities indigenous to the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions, where it is equally prevalent among the Jewish population as it is among the other local populations. In modern times, it has also been adopted by many Jews as a part of their ethnic identity. The Jewish nose was singled out as a hostile caricature of Jews in mid-13th century Europe and has since become a defining and persisting element of the Jewish stereotype. The Jewish nose, or Jew's nose, is an ethnic stereotype that refers to a hooked nose with a convex nasal bridge and a downward turn of the tip of the nose. A man with an exaggerated "Jewish nose" depicted on the cover of an early 20th century joke book
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